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专柜地址:世邦家居世界五楼5049、5050号伊和源专柜 |
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所属分类:中式家具
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<P>伊和源团购QQ:391615065</P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天然樟木的杀虫特性及居室环境功效<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">潘<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>彪<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>罗真付<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(南京林业大学木材科学研究所,南京<SPAN lang=EN-US> 210037 </SPAN>)<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">樟树是中国南方珍贵用材和特用经济树种,因其寿命长、冠幅大、树姿雄伟、四季长青,自古以来就深受广大人民喜爱,在我国长江流域以南,被广泛种植于庭园、村落、寺庙、溪畔。现在因其树形大、常绿、庇荫广、能抗烟除尘、净化空气,更是园林绿化的重要树种。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">樟木因其材质优良,材色纹理美观、加工容易、刨面光滑、适于雕刻,并具有芳香、耐腐、防虫等特点,是高档家具、木箱、雕刻、建筑、造船及工艺装饰品的上等材料。樟树的根、枝、叶、种子、木材因富含樟脑油,是医药卫生、化工、食品、香料工业的重要原料。樟树枝、叶、木材放置室内可以避臭、驱虫、吸收毒气异味、净化空气的作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">一、樟木的种类和国内分布<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">樟木是樟科<SPAN lang=EN-US> Lauraceae </SPAN>樟属<SPAN lang=EN-US> Cinnamomum </SPAN>部分树种木材的俗称,该属分布亚热带至热带,产于亚洲东南部的中国、日本、韩国、越南和印度等国,我国是樟属树种资源和蓄积量最丰富的国家。<SPAN style="COLOR: red">樟属约有<SPAN lang=EN-US>250 </SPAN>种树木,我国有<SPAN lang=EN-US> 46 </SPAN>种,大部分树种多具有樟脑气味,木材是优良的家具、药材和香料原料。根据树木分类,本属分香樟和肉桂两组,其中香樟又以小叶樟最为著名,其香最为浓郁。香樟组树种的木材、根、枝、叶常具浓厚的香气,是提取樟脑油(芳樟醇)的主要原料,而肉桂组树种的木材香气通常较弱,而树皮大多具浓厚的桂皮香气,其树皮部分是香料利用的原料。香樟属的木材在我国按材质和外貌构造的差异分香樟(小叶樟)、黄樟和桂樟三类商品材,前两类各一种,即香樟<SPAN lang=EN-US> Cinnamomum camphora </SPAN>和黄樟<SPAN lang=EN-US> Cinnamomum porrectum </SPAN>,其余的归入桂樟类。木材以香樟(小叶樟)最为著名,其次是黄樟。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">香樟在我国分布广,以台湾为最多,其次是江西、福建,在湖南、广东、广西、海南、云南、贵州、四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江等省区也有广泛分布。因香樟木材深受老百姓喜用,作为提取香料的重要经济树种。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">黄樟与香樟(小叶樟)分布于相同地区,其树木更高大,但其香味远不及香樟,且气味容易易消失;木材比较轻软、强度较小,耐菌虫危害性也较弱,所以利用价值也远不及香樟。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">二、樟木的杀虫特性<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">香樟木材的轴向薄壁组织和射线组织中含丰富的油细胞,或称粘液细胞,在显微镜下可明显的看见内含浅黄色樟脑油。樟木中樟脑油的含量达<SPAN lang=EN-US> 3%~5% </SPAN>,可通过对香樟的枝、叶、根、木材蒸留提取,樟脑油中含樟脑<SPAN lang=EN-US> 20~30% </SPAN>,芳樟醇<SPAN lang=EN-US> 65~75% </SPAN>,黄油素<SPAN lang=EN-US> 10% </SPAN>。提取物包括多种化学成分,有樟脑、桉油精、黄樟油醚、樟脑醇、樟脑酮、<SPAN lang=EN-US>α - </SPAN>蒎烯、莰烯、水芹烯、<SPAN lang=EN-US>α - </SPAN>柠檬烯、杜松烯、香樟内酯(木质酚)等。其中<SPAN lang=EN-US>α - </SPAN>蒎烯、莰烯是合成杀虫剂的重要组分,香樟木质酚具有天然的杀虫灭菌作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">根据四川农业大学从事植物源杀虫剂研究的杨群芳等对多种植物精油对松木纵坑切梢小蠹虫(该害虫隐蔽性强,防治难度大)的驱避效果研究表明,天然樟木精油具有良好的驱避效果。表明天然樟脑、樟木屑或小樟木块确实对于危害木制产品(包括家具、地板、纸张等)最严重的蠹虫有明显的驱避作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">因此天然樟脑是我国传统的家用杀虫灭菌剂,尤其在南方春夏季节,因潮湿闷热,许多家庭选购天然樟脑,在农村甚至直接用樟木屑或小樟木块置于衣柜、书橱、室内的阴暗角落、木地板下驱虫杀菌。樟木屑或小樟木块、天然樟脑在室内除了具有香气外,对衣物、被絮、书籍、家具、以及其它易受菌虫危害的日用生活品可起到保护作用。目前市场上已有南京、广东、江西等地的生产厂家利用天然的香樟资源,即以废弃的樟树根、枝、叶和木材产品加工剩余物的香樟碎木材等原料,生产家庭防虫防蛀产品。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天然樟脑以樟木为原料,经蒸气蒸馏,从所得的樟油中提取制成,由于樟木资源缺泛,因此比较难得,价格也较高。因其对人体安全、环保,在家庭除虫剂中最受百姓喜爱。在选用时,对以下两类产品的使用,一定要多加小心,一是萘丸(俗称卫生球,假樟脑),<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>为有毒化学品,<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>对人体健康有很大危害,国家已于<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1993 </SPAN>年明令禁止生产与销售,但目前市场上偶尔仍可见到;第二类是<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>对二氯苯<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>制品,这种防虫剂的毒性很大,杀虫效果确实很好,但杀虫也杀人,世界健康组织(<SPAN lang=EN-US> W HO </SPAN>)环保保健标准(<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1991 </SPAN>年出版)指出,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>对二氯苯<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>对动物致癌,欧共体委员会、国际化学品安全署编写的《国际化学品安全手册》指出,该物质可能是人体致癌物,对动物有致癌作用。该物质可能对肝、肾、肺发生作用,形成正铁血红蛋白,使皮肤变色。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三、樟木的居室环境功效与药用功能<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">木材为多孔性材料,可吸附空气中的异味气体,调节室内空气湿度,加之樟木具有浓厚的香气,且气味持久,在木材没有腐烂的情况下,香气可保持数百年经久不衰,这从我国多处出土的香樟木质文物器具的新切面仍散发明显的香气可以证实。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">查阅已公开的实用新型发明,国内早有用香樟木材制作家庭防虫包。在美国、日本、欧洲等一些发达国家的超市,就有天然樟木块或樟木屑销售,樟木块制作成各种摆设或挂件,置于衣柜、书橱,樟木屑或刨花袋装置于室内阴暗角落、厕所盥洗室、地下室、宠物栖居区域,起到防虫、吸湿、消除异味、净化空气的作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">用樟木制作的各种木拖鞋、凉鞋,具有良好的吸水性和透水性,穿着舒适自如,爽洁、祛湿,能预防和消除脚气、脚臭,达到健足强身功效。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">传统中医认为,香樟木材是重要的中药制剂,该成分性温,味辛,入肝、脾、肺经,可行气活血、消肿止痛、治疗食滞腹胀、腹痛胃痛、感冒头痛、祛风除湿,治疗湿疹、湿毒疥癣、皮肤瘙痒等均有效。对于饮食不慎或外感暑热之邪引起的腹泻,有较好的疗效,对于其它原因不明的急性单纯性泄泻,或慢性间断泄泻患者急性发作,多数都能获得肯定的疗效(具体方法是取少量加工樟木过程中的木屑或刨花,用沸水冲泡后当茶饮服,一般一次即效)。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">查阅已公开的药用配方,樟木与虎杖根、伸筋草、苏木甘草、木香、丁香等中草药混合,用作香沐浴药,具有透肌肤、调筋骨、通经络、联脏腑、活关节、舒全身、调理气血、消炎解痛的功能。香樟、蚕沙或冬瓜皮、苍耳草混合是治疗皮肤病的沐浴药,用其浸浴,能祛风去湿、杀虫止痒,并对治疗荨麻疹有较好的疗效。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">因此将香樟木块或木屑置于室内,它不仅能杀虫、灭蚁、防蛀、灭蟑螂,祛除甲醛等有害物质、吸湿、消除异味、净化室内空气,对人体具有祛风除湿、预防关节炎、神经痛、肌肉酸痛等疾病(<SPAN lang=EN-US> 2000 </SPAN>年出版的中华人民共和国医药大典可查),对人体健康有益无害,对衣物和环境无污染。可以说樟木是营造健康家居生活环境的好伴侣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN></P> |
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